Auditory Middle Latency Response and Phonological Awareness in Students with Learning Disabilities

Introduction Behavioral tests of auditory processing have been applied in schools and highlight the association between phonological awareness abilities and auditory processing, confirming that low performance on phonological awareness tests may be due to low performance on auditory processing tests. Objective To characterize the auditory middle latency response and the phonological awareness tests and to investigate correlations between responses in a group of children with learning disorders. Methods The study included 25 students with learning disabilities. Phonological awareness and auditory middle latency response were tested with electrodes placed on the left and right hemispheres. The correlation between the measurements was performed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results There is some correlation between the tests, especially between the Pa component and syllabic awareness, where moderate negative correlation is observed. Conclusion In this study, when phonological awareness subtests were performed, specifically phonemic awareness, the students showed a low score for the age group, although for the objective examination, prolonged Pa latency in the contralateral via was observed. Negative weak tomoderate correlation for Pa wave latency was observed, as was positive weak correlation for Na-Pa amplitude.(AU)

Auditory Middle Latency Response and Phonological Awareness in Students with Learning Disabilities.

Introduction Behavioral tests of auditory processing have been applied in schools and highlight the association between phonological awareness abilities and auditory processing, confirming that low performance on phonological awareness tests may be due to low performance on auditory processing tests. Objective To characterize the auditory middle latency response and the phonological awareness tests and to investigate correlations between responses in a group of children with learning disorders. Methods The study included 25 students with learning disabilities. Phonological awareness and auditory middle latency response were tested with electrodes placed on the left and right hemispheres. The correlation between the measurements was performed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results There is some correlation between the tests, especially between the Pa component and syllabic awareness, where moderate negative correlation is observed. Conclusion In this study, when phonological awareness subtests were performed, specifically phonemic awareness, the students showed a low score for the age group, although for the objective examination, prolonged Pa latency in the contralateral via was observed. Negative weak to moderate correlation for Pa wave latency was observed, as was positive weak correlation for Na-Pa amplitude.

P300 in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss / P300 em indivíduos com perda auditiva sensorioneural

INTRODUCTION: Behavioral and electrophysiological auditory evaluations contribute to the understanding of the auditory system and of the process of intervention. OBJECTIVE: To study P300 in subjects with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study. It included 29 individuals of both genders with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss without other type of disorders, aged 11 to 42 years; all were assessed by behavioral audiological evaluation and auditory evoked potentials. RESULTS: A recording of the P3 wave was obtained in 17 individuals, with a mean latency of 326.97 ms and mean amplitude of 3.76 V. There were significant differences in latency in relation to age and in amplitude according to degree of hearing loss. There was a statistically significant association of the P300 results with the degrees of hearing loss (p = 0.04), with the predominant auditory communication channels (p < 0.0001), and with time of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: P300 can be recorded in individuals with severe and profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss; it may contribute to the understanding of cortical development and is a good predictor of the early intervention outcome. .

INTRODUÇÃO: As avaliações comportamentais e eletrofisiológicas auditivas contribuem para o entendimento do sistema auditivo e do processo de intervenção. OBJETIVO: Estudar P300 em indivíduos com perda auditiva sensorioneural severa ou profunda. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo transversal descritivo. Participaram 29 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 45 anos com perda auditiva sensorioneural, congênita severa ou profunda e sem comorbidades, avaliados por meio de avaliação audiológica comportamental e potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência. RESULTADOS: O registro da onda P3 foi obtido em 17 indivíduos, com latência e amplitude média de 326,97 ms e 3,76V, respectivamente. Houve diferenças significativas da medida de latência em relação à idade e da amplitude segundo o grau da perda auditiva. Evidenciou-se associação do resultado do P300 aos graus de perda auditiva (p = 0,04) e ao canal de comunicação auditiva predominante (p = 0,0001) e ao tempo de privação auditiva (teste exato de Fisher). CONCLUSÕES: P300 pode ser registrado em indivíduos com perda auditiva sensorioneural congênita e colaborar para a compreensão do desenvolvimento cortical auditivo e ser preditor do resultado da intervenção. .

P300 in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss.

INTRODUCTION: Behavioral and electrophysiological auditory evaluations contribute to the understanding of the auditory system and of the process of intervention. OBJECTIVE: To study P300 in subjects with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study. It included 29 individuals of both genders with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss without other type of disorders, aged 11 to 42 years; all were assessed by behavioral audiological evaluation and auditory evoked potentials. RESULTS: A recording of the P3 wave was obtained in 17 individuals, with a mean latency of 326.97ms and mean amplitude of 3.76V. There were significant differences in latency in relation to age and in amplitude according to degree of hearing loss. There was a statistically significant association of the P300 results with the degrees of hearing loss (p=0.04), with the predominant auditory communication channels (p<0.0001), and with time of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: P300 can be recorded in individuals with severe and profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss; it may contribute to the understanding of cortical development and is a good predictor of the early intervention outcome.

Auditory middle latency response in children with learning difficulties

Introduction: This is an objective laboratory assessment of the central auditory systems of children with learning disabilities. Aim: To examine and determine the properties of the components of the Auditory Middle Latency Response in a sample of children with learning disabilities. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional cohort study with quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory outcomes. We included 50 children aged 8-13 years of both genders with and without learning disorders. Those with disorders of known organic, environmental, or genetic causes were excluded. Results and Conclusions: The Na, Pa, and Nb waves were identified in all subjects. The ranges of the latency component values were as follows: Na = 9.8-32.3 ms, Pa = 19.0-51.4 ms, Nb = 30.0-64.3 ms (learning disorders group) and Na = 13.2-29.6 ms, Pa = 21.8-42.8 ms, Nb = 28.4-65.8 ms (healthy group). The values of the Na-Pa amplitude ranged from 0.3 to 6.8 ìV (learning disorders group) or 0.2-3.6 ìV (learning disorders group). Upon analysis, the functional characteristics of the groups were distinct: the left hemisphere Nb latency was longer in the study group than in the control group. Peculiarities of the electrophysiological measures were observed in the children with learning disorders. This study has provided information on the Auditory Middle Latency Response and can serve as a reference for other clinical and experimental studies in children with these disorders...

Auditory middle latency response in children with learning difficulties.

INTRODUCTION: This is an objective laboratory assessment of the central auditory systems of children with learning disabilities. AIM: To examine and determine the properties of the components of the Auditory Middle Latency Response in a sample of children with learning disabilities. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional cohort study with quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory outcomes. We included 50 children aged 8-13 years of both genders with and without learning disorders. Those with disorders of known organic, environmental, or genetic causes were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The Na, Pa, and Nb waves were identified in all subjects. The ranges of the latency component values were as follows: Na = 9.8-32.3 ms, Pa = 19.0-51.4 ms, Nb = 30.0-64.3 ms (learning disorders group) and Na = 13.2-29.6 ms, Pa = 21.8-42.8 ms, Nb = 28.4-65.8 ms (healthy group). The values of the Na-Pa amplitude ranged from 0.3 to 6.8 ìV (learning disorders group) or 0.2-3.6 ìV (learning disorders group). Upon analysis, the functional characteristics of the groups were distinct: the left hemisphere Nb latency was longer in the study group than in the control group. Peculiarities of the electrophysiological measures were observed in the children with learning disorders. This study has provided information on the Auditory Middle Latency Response and can serve as a reference for other clinical and experimental studies in children with these disorders.

Three-year-old child with meroacrania - neurological signs.

Neurological findings in a three-year-old child with meroacrania provide new insights into how the nervous system develops and functions in the absence of superior levels of control from the time of origin. The girl is the first child of a non-consanguineous white Brazilian couple, born at term, weighing 2650 g and measuring 44 cm in length. Upon examination at 43 months, she had quadriplegia, global hypotonia with occasional body hypertonia in a decorticate posture, hyperreflexia, ankle clonus, and extensor plantar response. This case allowed us to verify that, in the absence of upper structures and subcortical nuclei, there are clear signs that suggest corticospinal primacy in motor functions without a substitute pathway. Sound orientation responses suggest the independence of the vestibular-acoustic-ocular system, and manifestations of responsiveness to the environment raise questions about consciousness.

Characterization of language and phonological working memory in patients with myoclonic astatic epileptic syndrome.

The course of myoclonic astatic epileptic syndrome (MAES) is variable and little information is available about cortical functions in the presence of the disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the phonological working memory (PWM) and the verbal language of six patients between 8 and 18 years old, on treatment for at least 5 years, and good control of seizures, diagnosed in the Service of Epilepsy of Hospital of Clinics of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University in Brazil. The Test of Repetition of Meaningless Words was used to assess PWM. Video-recorded of language samples were collected during spontaneous and directed activities for the study of verbal language and pragmatics. A qualitative analysis showed that all patients presented deficits in the execution of the PWM test and only one patient showed poor mastery of all aspects studied. These finds contribute to strategies of treatment for language problems of patients with MAES, focusing on PWA.

Characterization of language and phonological working memory in patients with myoclonic astatic epileptic syndrome / Caracterização da linguagem e memória de trabalho em pacientes com síndrome epiléptica mioclônica astática

The course of myoclonic astatic epileptic syndrome (MAES) is variable and little information is available about cortical functions in the presence of the disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the phonological working memory (PWM) and the verbal language of six patients between 8 and 18 years old, on treatment for at least 5 years, and good control of seizures, diagnosed in the Service of Epilepsy of Hospital of Clinics of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University in Brazil. The Test of Repetition of Meaningless Words was used to assess PWM. Video-recorded of language samples were collected during spontaneous and directed activities for the study of verbal language and pragmatics. A qualitative analysis showed that all patients presented deficits in the execution of the PWM test and only one patient showed poor mastery of all aspects studied. These finds contribute to strategies of treatment for language problems of patients with MAES, focusing on PWA.

A evolução da síndrome epiléptica mioclônica astática (SEMA) é variável e há poucas informações sobre funções corticais. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar a memória de trabalho fonológica (MTF) e a linguagem verbal de pacientes com SEMA. Foram avaliados seis pacientes entre 8 e 18 anos em tratamento há mais de 5 anos e bom controle das crises, do Serviço de Epilepsia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. A Prova de Repetição de Palavras Sem Significado foi utilizada para MTF, e coletaram-se amostras de linguagem, gravadas em vídeo, durante atividades espontâneas e dirigidas para estudo da linguagem verbal e pragmática. Análise qualitativa mostrou que todos apresentaram deficiência na MTF e, exceto um, mostraram domínio dos aspectos verbais estudados. Os achados contribuem para estratégias de tratamento de problemas de linguagem de pacientes com SEMA, com maior enfoque na MTF.

Classification of cerebral palsy: association between gender, age, motor type, topography and Gross Motor Function / Classificação da paralisia cerebral: associação entre gênero, idade, tipo motor, topografia e Função Motora Grossa

The goal of this study was to assess the relation between gender, age, motor type, topography and gross motor function, based on the Gross Motor Function System of children with cerebral palsy. Trunk control, postural changes and gait of one hundred children between 5 months and 12 years old, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between gender and age groups (p=0.887) or between gender and motor type (p=0.731). In relation to body topography most children (88 percent) were spastic quadriplegic. Most hemiplegics children were rated in motor level I, children with diplegia were rated in motor level III, and quadriplegic children were rated in motor level V. Functional classification is necessary to understand the differences in cerebral palsy and to have the best therapeutic planning since it is a complex disease which depends on several factors.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre gênero, idade, tipo motor, topografia e Função Motora Grossa, baseado no Sistema de Função Motora Grossa em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Participaram desta pesquisa 100 crianças com idade entre 5 meses a 12 anos que foram observadas em relação ao controle de tronco, trocas posturais e marcha. Não houve diferenças significativas entre gêneros e grupos etários (p=0,887) e entre gênero e tipo motor (p=0,731). Em relação à topografia corporal, houve predomínio de crianças com quadriplegia, sendo que a maioria (88 por cento) era do tipo espástico. Quanto ao nível motor, as crianças hemiplégicas pertenciam em sua maioria ao nível I, as diplégicas ao nível III e as quadriplégicas ao nível V. Sendo a paralisia cerebral uma condição complexa que depende de diversos fatores, beneficia-se de classificações funcionais para compreensão da diversidade e melhor planejamento terapêutico.

Postural adjustment as a sign of attention in 7-month-old infants.

UNLABELLED: Adjustments during postural control have been recognized in the process of the integration of movement and cognition. The objective of the present work was to describe postural changes and to verify if there is a correlation between postural adjustment and attention span in 7-month-old infants during 1 min of viewing an animated puppet. METHOD: Twenty-nine healthy infants (14 males) born from 31 to 39 weeks (median 36) were placed in a prone position and filmed watching a puppet during 1 min. The analysis of the images allowed us to catalogue the changes in position, the frequency of these changes, and the attention span. The following items were quantified: total number of infant positions, positions with weight transfer, changes in support, axis, decubitus, trunk and cervical movements, timing and pauses in visual attention. RESULTS: Twenty-one infants stayed in the prone position during most of the recording, and eight chose sitting position before starting the session. Two groups were studied according to the main position throughout the filming, one in prone and the other in sitting positions, although they could rolling or crawling. For prone group the attention span was positively correlated with the number of positions with weight transfer (r=0.53, p=0.04), negatively correlated with trunk movements (r=-0.63, p=0.01), and not correlated with birth or current weight. This work suggests that changes in the trunk movements and weight transfer are different traits related to the attention in 7-month-old infants.

Classification of cerebral palsy: association between gender, age, motor type, topography and Gross Motor Function.

The goal of this study was to assess the relation between gender, age, motor type, topography and gross motor function, based on the Gross Motor Function System of children with cerebral palsy. Trunk control, postural changes and gait of one hundred children between 5 months and 12 years old, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between gender and age groups (p=0.887) or between gender and motor type (p=0.731). In relation to body topography most children (88%) were spastic quadriplegic. Most hemiplegics children were rated in motor level I, children with diplegia were rated in motor level III, and quadriplegic children were rated in motor level V. Functional classification is necessary to understand the differences in cerebral palsy and to have the best therapeutic planning since it is a complex disease which depends on several factors.

Effects of malnutrition and sensory-motor stimulation on auditory evoked potentials

There is evidence that the auditory evoked potential (AEP) is altered by malnutrition both in laboratory animals and in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in the AEP caused by malnutrition could be reversed by nutritional rehabilitation and sensorymotor and environmental stimulation during hospitalization. Six children aged 5-33 months with severe malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor) were admitted to the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital. Normal age and sex-matched children from the hospital day-care center were enrolled as a control group. The AEP was tested in an electrically and acoustically isolated room using a Nicolet CA 2000 microcomputer. Clicks of 90; 80; 70 and 60 dBn HL were presented through earphones. The results suggest that malnutrition leads to an increase in wave I latencies in patients with marasmus, and in waves I, III and V in those with kwashiorkor or marasmic-kwashiorkor type at 90 dB HL. At discharge, all but one patient with kwashiorkor showed reduced latencies of waves I, III and V compared to the values on admission. Despite the small sample, these preliminary results pointed out that the process of sensory stimulation used in our study in a properly directed, systematic and individualized manner showed encouraging results in terms of AEP recovery in these children.(AU)

Effects of malnutrition and sensory-motor stimulation on auditory evoked potentials

There is evidence that the auditory evoked potential (AEP) is altered by malnutrition both in laboratory animals and in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in the AEP caused by malnutrition could be reversed by nutritional rehabilitation and sensorymotor and environmental stimulation during hospitalization. Six children aged 5-33 months with severe malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor) were admitted to the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital. Normal age and sex-matched children from the hospital day-care center were enrolled as a control group. The AEP was tested in an electrically and acoustically isolated room using a Nicolet CA 2000 microcomputer. Clicks of 90; 80; 70 and 60 dBn HL were presented through earphones. The results suggest that malnutrition leads to an increase in wave I latencies in patients with marasmus, and in waves I, III and V in those with kwashiorkor or marasmic-kwashiorkor type at 90 dB HL. At discharge, all but one patient with kwashiorkor showed reduced latencies of waves I, III and V compared to the values on admission. Despite the small sample, these preliminary results pointed out that the process of sensory stimulation used in our study in a properly directed, systematic and individualized manner showed encouraging results in terms of AEP recovery in these children.

Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Média Latência: estudo em crianças saudáveis / Auditory Middle Latency Responses: a study of healthy children

OBJETIVO: Investigar os componentes dos PEAMLs em crianças saudáveis para determinar suas propriedades. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: 32 crianças, de ambos os sexos, 10 a 13 anos de idade, sem doenças neurológicas, participaram do estudo. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão) e por análise de variância (teste F). PEAMLs foram pesquisadas usando estímulo tom burst nas intensidades de 50, 60 e 70 dB NA. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A média de latência dos componentes foi Na = 20.79ms, Pa = 35.34ms, Nb = 43.27ms e Pb = 53.36ms, a 70dB NA. A média dos valores de amplitude NaPa variou de 0.2 a 1.9 uV (M = 1.0 uV). A amplitude aumentou e a latência diminuiu com o aumento da intensidade sonora. A inclinação do complexo de ondas NaPa esteve presente em alguns casos, o que merece atenção em estudos semelhantes ou em mesmo em populações de crianças com dificuldade de fala e linguagem e do processamento auditivo. CONCLUSÃO: O presente trabalho trouxe informações adicionais sobre as AMLRs e pode servir como referência para outros estudos clínicos ou experimentais em crianças.

AIM: To examine the components of auditory middle latency responses (AMLRs) in a sample of healthy children to establish their properties. METHODS: Thirty-two children of both genders aged between 10 to 13 years, with no neurological disorders, were included in the study. Data were analyzed statistically by descriptive statistics (mean + SD) and by analysis of variance using the F test. AMLRs were investigated with toneburst stimuli at 50, 60 and 70 dB HL. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The mean latencies of the components were Na = 20.79 ms, Pa = 35.34 ms, Nb = 43.27 ms, and Pb = 53.36 ms, in 70 dB HL. The mean values for the NaPa amplitude ranged from 0.2 to 1.9 mV (M = 1.0 mV). The amplitude increased and latency decreased with increasing sound intensity. Inclination of the NaPa wave complex was present in some cases, which deserves attention in similar studies or in children with speech, language and auditory processing difficulties. CONCLUSION: This study provides additional information about AMLRs and may be a reference for others clinical and experimental studies in children.

Approach to the fetal movements: a pilot study of six cases.

The aim of this study was to verify developmental aspects of fetal movements through 2D ultrasonic recordings of normal fetuses, product of low risk pregnancies. A qualitative analysis of the several types of movements was performed in a sample of six fetuses, each four weeks, from 12th to 40th gestational week. In the close period to 20th gestational week was registered the largest prevalence of movements. It was observed that certain movements disappear, and others stay or appear through period. Complex movements (breathing, deglutition and suction) were more frequent after the 20th week than before. In spite of the fetuses have presented a general motor pattern, individual variations were observed. These findings are in consonance with literature, toward the existence of certain motor patterns, with emergence and disappearance of the several types of movements according to the gestational age, and individual variations that suggest specificity.

[Investigation of neurodevelopment delay etiology: resources and challenges]. / Investigação das causas de atraso no neurodesenvolvimento: recursos e desafios.

To verify the reach of development delay investigation, we brought the experience in the pediatrics, infantile neurology and clinical genetics diagnoses, with resources of a tertiary health care, in 73 children, from 1 to 47 months age, between 1999 and 2001, attending a Stimulation Program of the Association of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Children of Batatais-SP. With a transversal and prospective method, six groups were identified: motor disturbances, dysmorphisms, malnutrition, macrocephaly, microcephaly and motor delay. In the analysis of the contribution of the antecedents, physical or laboratory exams to the diagnosis, it stands out the brain image in the groups "motor disturbances" and "macrocephaly"; and for the remaining groups, the physical examination and maternal data. The causes were detected in 48 (66%), being 38.4% of environmental and 24.6% genetics origin. It is emphasized the specialist evaluation, and the need of appropriate flow of information in the net of health.

Approach to the fetal movements: a pilot study of six cases

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar aspectos do desenvolvimento de movimentos fetais por gravações de ultra-sonografia 2D de fetos normais, produto de gravidez de baixo risco. Análise qualitativa dos vários tipos de movimentos foi realizada em uma amostra de seis fetos registrados a cada quatro semanas, de 12 a 40 semanas gestacionais. No período da 20ª semana gestacional ocorreu a maior prevalência de movimentos, considerando toda a amostra. Observou-se que certos movimentos desaparecem, outros permanecem e outros surgem durante o período analisado. Movimentos complexos foram menos detectados no princípio da gestação, aumentando depois da 20ª semana. Apesar dos fetos apresentarem um padrão motor comum, foram observadas variações individuais. Tais achados estão de acordo com a literatura, apontam para um padrão motor com aparecimento e desaparecimento dos vários tipos de movimentos de acordo com a idade gestacional e com variações individuais que sugerem especificidade.

Investigação das causas de atraso no neurodesenvolvimento: recursos e desafios / Investigation of neurodevelopment delay etiology: resources and challenges

Com o objetivo de verificar o alcance da investigação de causas do retardo no desenvolvimento neuromotor (RDNM), apresenta-se a experiência no atendimento em Pediatria, Neurologia Infantil e Genética Clínica, em nível terciário, de 73 crianças de 1 a 47 meses, do Programa de Estimulação da APAE de Batatais-SP, entre 1999 e 2001. Utilizando-se método transversal, prospectivo, inicialmente identificaram-se 6 grupos, segundo a semiologia clínica dominante - distúrbios motores, dismorfias, desnutrição, macrocefalia, microcefalia e unicamente atraso motor. Analisando-se a proporção com que os antecedentes e exames contribuíram para o diagnóstico, nos grupos "distúrbios motores" e "macrocefalia" destacaram-se os exames de imagem; nos demais grupos, o exame físico na criança e antecedentes maternos. As causas do RDNM foram detectadas em 48 crianças (66 por cento), sendo de origem ambiental 38,4 por cento e genética 24,6 por cento. Ressalta-se a relevância da avaliação especializada e necessidade de fluxo adequado de informações na rede de saúde.

Abordagem multidisciplinar de crianças epilépticas e familiares em enfermaria / Multidisciplinary approach to hospitalized epileptic children and their families

Como as epilepsias são o diagnóstico mais freqüente na enfermaria e sua investigação e tratamento são de altacomplexidade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi proceder a uma análise das intervenções da equipe com crianças internadas com epilepsia e suas famílias. Os dados foram obtidos através dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes e dos registros individuaisdas especialidades. Resultados: Das 235 internações eletivas na enfermaria, 88 foram referentes ao diagnóstico de epilepsia. Os atendimentos por especialidades foram distribuídos da seguinte maneira: 34% pela fisioterapia, 41% pela psicologia e 88,6% pela terapia ocupacional. Dada a gravidade das seqüelas neuropsicomotoras associadas à epilepsia e a necessidade de uma intervenção familiar, o trabalho da equipe multidisciplinar foi realizado com a criança – estimulação e promoção de seu desenvolvimento, a fim de minimizar as seqüelas; e com a família – orientação e apoio para lhes propiciar estratégias mais elaboradasde aceitação e enfrentamento da doença e melhores condições de ministrar o tratamento domiciliar da criança.